California Environmental Engineering operates a mobile emission testing laboratory in Orange County, California. The EPA-recognized and California (ARB) certified laboratory is located at 3231 S. Standard Avenue, Santa Ana, conveniently situated with ready access to five major freeways. The laboratory and soak area are currently utilize 8400 square feet in a modern 25,000 square foot concrete building. Also contained in the building are an 8000 square foot restorative maintenance and vehicle storage area and an extensive complement of offices, used by CEE staff and on site personnnel of California Air Resources Board and vehicle manufacturers, under our current, ongoing compliance testing programs.
As a part of CEE's commitment to meeting our clients' testing requirements and future needs, CEE is constantly reviewing and developing testing capabilities to meet those needs. At the time this document was prepared that included:
- Cold CO chamber test cell;
- Running loss cell;
- hydrocarbon speciation instruments, and
- ULGE test cell
CEE's goal is to have this expansion completed by the spring of 1995. Additional operational space at the CEE facility provides room for a number of improvements in laboratory capabilities, including the availability of increased "soak space." As a result of the readily available space in the pre-conditioning and restorative maintenance area, CEE uses it as a primary staging area for the candidate vehicles. In addition all test vehicles are stored inside to assure their security and to minimize or preclude any evaporative canister 'loading.'
Due to the increasing interest in the need for independent evaporative emission running loss testing, CEE has designed the expanded lab facility to include running loss testing capabilities. This addition would provide CEE with a unique capability in evaporative emission running loss testing among west coast independent laboratories. The CEE laboratory improvements planned will include all capabilities for testing gasoline, diesel and alternatively fueled vehicles and the three new classes of vehicles (TLEV, LEV, and ULEV.) In addition to the diesel exhaust dilution tunnel and particulate sampling system currently used by CEE, there will be improvements to include gas chromatographs for measuring alcohols, light and mid-range hydrocarbon species; high performance liquid chromatograph for analyzing aldehyde samples, and impingers for collecting alcohol samples.
The current premiere CEE testing complex provides a capability for testing gasoline, diesel and alternatively fueled light and medium-duty vehicles. Additionally, CEE has the only independently owned full-range heavy-duty engine dynamometer which is routinely used to test diesel engines. CEE provides a Cummins and Detroit Diesel engine for use as a 'test mule' for specialized R&D requirements. The CEE lab also has a custom built fully operational motorcycle dynamometer for on-going support of emission testing requirements and certification programs.
The CEE facility also includes a 4,000 square foot, fully lighted and security outside fenced area for full time staging and storage of test vehicles as may be necessary.
CEE has recently installed in the laboratory and soak area, an advanced state-of-the-art Goodman single-point temperature control system. The computer controlled system allows programming of specific temperature ranges at different points within the lab area. One particular single-point control is at the area surrounding the dyno operational area within a radius of 20 feet. With this unique system, CEE can maintain the test environment within (+ or -) 3
oF, maintain with accuracy, any steady state ambient temperature between 50 and 100 degrees F.
All laboratory equipment at the California Environmental Engineering (CEE) Santa Ana facility is owned by the corporation. It fully conforms to the requirements of the appropriate parts of Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 86, Subpart B. More specific details of laboratory equipment are described below.
Mass Emissions Instrument System
The mass emission's instrument system conforms to the requirements of 40 CFR 86.109 and 111. All system sample-wetted components are either stainless steel or Teflon, except for the gas cylinder valves and regulators for gases other than nitric oxide (NO) which are of brass. Eash instrument system is typically equipped with the following components:
- Horiba Model FIA23A/FIA21 Flame Ionization Analyzers with ranges of 1-100 ppmC, 1-30 ppmC;
- Horiba A1A23AS Analyzer with ranges of 0-200 ppm CO and 0-1000 CO, 0-3000 ppm CO;
- Horiba A1A23 Analyzer with a range of 0-5 percent CO2;
- Horiba CLA-53A Cehiluminescence Analyzer with ranges of 0-100 ppm NOx;
- Soltec Model 3316 6 channel recorder for recording instrument signals;
- Horiba NMC-11A methane cutter with ranges of 0-100 ppmC and 0-300 ppmC; and
- CEE has a complete backup system which is available in the event of any possible malfunction of the primary emissions testing system.
CVS System
The CVS system is a Weber, custom made, positive displacement system that conforms to the description contained in 40 CFR 86.109. All sample-wetted components are either stainless steel, Teflon, or Tedlar. The air dilution filter cart is interconnected to the CVS and vehicle tail pipe using stainless steel tubing, or the new silicon rubber/fiberglass tubins. Silicon rubber/fiberglass adapters are used to seal the tubing to the tail pipe. A water-to-air type heat exchanger maintains the CVS pump inlet temperatures to within + or - 10 degrees F of the nominal set point (115 degrees F.) The CVS system contains six Tedlar sample collection bags (three utilized for the engine-out samples) each with a usable volume of 10 cubic feet. Sample bag filling is remotely controlled CVS flow 600/350 CFM per minute PDP. The Horida CFV-CVS (DFV40) has a flow rate of 350 DFM and is currently on-line. In addition, CEE has two Horida CVS20's for use in their test cells.
Chassis Dynamometers
The primary chassis dynamometer used for emission testing is the Clayton Model ECE-50-0 utilizing a 1,750 pound Direct Drive Variable Inertial Flywheel (DDVIF) unit. Roll set spacing between rolls is 17.2 inches. The DDVIF provides inertial weight setting in 125 pound increments from 1,750 to 9,625 pounds. The dynamometer is equipped for automatic load control.
A Tach drive unit is used to read miles per hour and is used to monitor the dynamometer front or rear roll speed. The torque transducer is calibrated and scaled to read out directly in indicated horsepower with + or - 0.1 horsepower, is used to monitor the power absorption unit. In addition, each FTP segment is stored on computer hard disk for each precondition and FTP schedule. Thee CEE dynomometer is capable of accommodating front-wheel drive vehicles in performing a full FTP. Recent tests of a front-wheel drive Cadillac and Dodge Mini-Van indicated no inherent problems with the existing dynamometer system and/or lab space.
CEE also installed a Horiba microprocessor controlled electric dynamometer. The microprocessor called 'dyno' is a proven technological innovation in auto emission control equipment. Its unique software package features fast response time, automative coastdown and automatic calibration.
Inertia simulation can be set in increments of 0.01 pounds. The accuracy and repeatability of both inertia and road load simulation is better than + or - 1% of set point. The electric Horiba dynamometer roll assembly consists of twin parallel rolls, 8.65 inches diameter on 17.25 inch centers.
The rolls are dynamically balanced to 0.75 inch-ounces. The standard rolls provide a maximum outside tire-to-tire distance of 80 inches and provide approximately 155 pounds of equivalent weight per roll.
Engine Dynamometer
CEE has a heavy duty engine test cell. This cell has a Taylor Model DX36, 1500 HP engine dynamometer with 4500 ft. lbs. torque at 1500 rpm. This dyno has a remote manual load control with a single STN engine throttle control. Along with the dyno we will utilize an Anderson Universal Stack Sampler. The sampler is equipped with a standard impinger and modified bubbler. In addition, we have obtained a Cummins NTC 400 big CAM IV engine and a Detroit Diesel 6V92. These engines will be used as test mules for R&D projects where the customer cannot supply an engine for the project due to the high cost of these engines.
Motorcycle Dynamometer
CEE has a Mustang motorcycle dynamometer. This dyno is a DC electri with a 17.5" single roll. This dyno has an inertia weight capability of 100-760 kg. The weight and horsepower of this dyno is controlled by computer and custom software specifically designed for motorcycle testing according to CFR 40, Parts 86 and 600.
Driver's Aid
The driver's aid is a video monitor system. A strip chart printout is provided at the bench.
Computer System
A 'G.L.C. XpD' data reduction system is utilized exclusively by the CEE testing facility. It was designed to manipulate the enormous load of data input and analysis of the automotive testing field. The unique design allows it to be easily upgraded and expanded with the ever changing demands and technology of the industry.
This overall system is based on the I.B.M. Compatible format. This is to ensure compatibility with the rest of the industry and agencies. Our proprietary software was developed for the purpose at hand, not modified just to handle it. The enhanced file manipulation and conversion properties of this system provide certain integration with almost every computer system on the market. Critical data is backed up on a daily schedule to insure the total safeguard of crucial customer and in-house records.
A complete second by second data history of the test sequences is achieved by the computer system and made available on request. All test parameters including sampled exhaust gases, barometric conditions, vehicle speeds, gear changes and other parameters are also available in graphic output.
With the ability to expand memory, processing power and peripherals, the flexibility, versatility and expandability of this system guarantees our continuous ability and dedication to service our clients now and beyond without compromising accuracy or creating a cost burden.
SHED System
Two CEE sealed enclosures (SHED) are permanently installed in the testing area. Each enclosure is fitted with a manually operated door with compression seals. Enclosure ambient temperature thermistors are averaged into a dual output temperature signal for recording onto a Wantanabe/Graphtec recorder. Ambient and fuel temperatures are recorded at the same time.
Diesel Analysis System
The system includes a Horiba HFID, model F1A34A in a Horiba bench with a OPE415 control ranging from 0 to 100 and 0 to 300; a custom designed Weber 10' x 10' stainless steel dilution tunnel; and Sartorius model 4503 lab balance scale set on Gibralter precision base stand. The scale measures to one millionth of a milligram.
CEE has a complete inventory of support instruments and equipment for use in testing projects, including:
- Nova/Princo Mercury column barometer for ambient pressure measurement;
- Taylor Instrument recorders for continuous recording of soak area temperature;
- B&K Precision Model 1479R engine parameter diagnostic oscilloscope;
- Water manometers for measuring CVS pump inlet and outlet pressure;
- Eller Corporation cooling fan (instrumented with motor-ventilated hygrometer);
- Benwill vehicle lift rated at 7000 pounds;
- a fenced security area at the front of the facility to provide storage for up to 30 test vehicles; and
- a temperature controlled contained fuel storage and dispensing area.
California Environmental Engineering has accomplished a large number of key environmental testing/research projects. Specific customer personnel and phone numbers will be provided upon request. A representative listing follows:
Government Agencies
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Washington, D.C. and Ann Arbor, Michigan
CEE, as an EPA recognized emission test laboratory, has to date, performed more than 6,000 FTP tests and approximately 1,000 Highway Fuel Economy Tests (HFET.) The data package for each completed vehicle test is submitted to EPA - Washington D.C., and is considered to be a separate individual contract. Approximately 20 data packages a month are submitted based on the current requirements of the direct import market place. The quality of data packages has been greater than "99%". This on-going effort has been underway since 1978.
California Air Resources Board (CARB) - El Monte, California
CEE is currently under contract to the CARB in the " Procurement and Testing for Emissions Compliance of Vehicles Representing A Minimum of Thirty Selected Engine Families. " This contract requires the procurement, restoration and testing of a minimum of 10 vehicles per engine family and includes both light and medium-duty gasoline and diesel fueled vehicles. The $800,000 contract is expected to be completed in the spring of 1995. The effort is being continually monitored by members of the California Air Resources Board and the manufacturer's representative for a particular engine family. Further, CEE has been awarded a similar contract, to commence upon completion of the existing contract, for the next model year's 30 engine families.
Department of Defense - Port Hueneme, CA
CEE is under contract to perform emissions testing, over a three year period, of dedicated alternative fuel vehicles for the Department of Defense, including IM240 testing.
Privately Owned Research Organizations
Hughes Environmental Systems, Inc.
CEE is working with Dr. Nelson Sorbo of Hughes, under contract, for the procurement and testing of vehicles utilizing IM240 protocol.
Vehicle Manufacturers
Ford Motor Company - Dearborn, Michigan
CEE has been given an open purchase order to conduct testing at the direction of Ford including procurement, restorative maintenance and testing engine families.
General Motors - Milford, Michigan
CEE has been given an open purchase order to conduct testing at the direction of GM as required.
Nissan Research and Development, Inc. - Gardena, California
CEE has been given a purchase order to perform specialized vehicle procurement for Nissan.
Mitsubishi Motors - Cypress, California
CEE has been given a contract to perform procurement, restorative maintenance, and testing of two engine families with a minimum of 10 vehicles per engine family.
KTM Sport Motorcycles - Lorain, Ohio
In 1994, CEE completed the requirement for EPA (49 State) certification of two engine families, including emission system design, mileage accumulation and emission testing for certification. CEE is performing similar services for KTM and their 1995 models for 50 State certification.
Ural America - Seattle, Washington
CEE performed the requirements of EPA (49 State) certification of an engine family, including emission system design, mileage accumulation and emission testing for certification.
Hyundai Technical Center - Chino, California
CEE participated with Hyundai staff personnel in a testing program to establish a verification database for the evaluation of the correlation among Southern California emission laboraties. The project was accomplished in 1987.
Officine Alfieri Maserati, Inc. - Modena, Italy
CEE performed specialized Federal emission testing for Maserati to prove a design 'fix' for a B-turbo carburetor. This detailed, selective test program was acomplished in 1987 under the direction of Maserati's chief engineer.
Heritage Motor Cars, Inc. - Fort Lauderdale, Florida
CEE conducted extensive FTP tests on selected light-duty vehicles to establish a database for certifying Heritage Motor Cars, Inc., as a California small volume manufacturer. These extensive tests were accomplished during 1989.
Component Manufacturers
Gekko International - Davenport, Iowa
In this on-going project to date, over $200,000 has been spent in testing a variety of vehicles under various test conditions. The emission testing project to date has shown some amazing results. These results have put their product at the forefront of technology. This vital emission test/research project has been closely monitored by the EPA. The majority of engine testing was accomplished in 1992/93.
Gale Banks Engineering - Azusa, California
CEE conducted a number of FTP diesel tests with particulates to evaluate a turbo charger system on a 1990 GMC Suburban Diesel. These specialized tests were conducted to confirm to the GM Truck Division that the system provided more power without effecting emissions. The CEE engineering staff worked closely with Gale Banks Engineering staff on this timely project that was accomplished in 1990.
Whipple Industries - Fresno, California
CEE conducted extensive FTP tests on aftermarket add-on parts in order to obtain CARB certification and to support an Executive Order. The overall project was performed under direction of the engineering vice president. The project was initiated in 1990.
Coast Filtration - Brea, California
CEE conducted extensive FTP emission tests to evaluate an add-on product intended to reduce exhaust emissions. The project was to determine if the levels of reduction warranted further development and testing of the product. CEE performed the majority of the testing in 1990.
Motorcycle Dealers
Stage Door, Inc. - Davis, California
CEE has an on-going commitment with Stage Door, Inc. one of the largest importers of motorcycles from the Pacific Rim. The CEE emission staff provides data verification and random testing to register a variety of motorcycles models/types for U.S. consumption. Approximately 150 motorcycles have, to date, been processed in accomplishing the on-going requirement.
Arc Vision - Kansas City, Missouri
The CEE staff develops and process' emission data packages for motorcycles for shipment (export) to Pacific Rim countries. The process includes a random selection of motorcycles for testing by CEE using the motorcycle dynamometer. A wide variety of manufacaturers/models are evaluated, including Harley Davidson, Honda, Suzuki, and Yamaha. This on-going commitment processes approximately 10 units per month.
Heavy-Duty Engines
Advanced Combustion Technology (ACT) - Gardena, California
CEE provided supporting mobile emission testing for evaluating a platinum oxide injection system for heavy-duty diesel engines. The 'forward catalyst' was tested using the CEE engine test cell and Cummins and Detroit test mules. The results of the innovative system using both an 8-mode and 13-mode test is being reviewed/evaluated by the CARB and California Energy Commissio (CEC.)
Vinyard Engine Systems, Inc. - San Antonio, Texas
CEE has an on-going working agreement with Vinyard Engine Systems to modify diesel vehicles to natural gas conversion. Additionally, the effort includes an integral testing effort of the diesel engines using the CEE heavy-duty engine dynamometer. The CEE engine dynamometer facility will monitor HC, CO, NOx, and opacity using either the 8-mode or 13-mode test protocols. Vinyard produces one of the most respected engin altenative fuel conversion kits currently used. CEE is working closely with Mr. Donald R. Olson and Mr. Shannon Vinyard on this innovative project. The effort was initiated in 1993.
Fuels and Additives
Arco Products Company - Anaheim, California
CEE has established a working agreement to support engineering and technology division of teh Arco Products Company in testing new alternative fuels. A division of Atlantic Richfield, the organization is looking at varying levels of ethanol and methanol in gasoline blends. The project interface is under the direction of the senior staff fuels development engineer and consists of on-going long-term requirement.
Biospectronic - Bend, Oregon
CEE conducted a major mobile emissions testing project for Biospectronics in 1991 to evaluate three different fuel blends. These fuel blends were evaluated on a member of representative vehicles under varying temperature and humidity situations. The specific testing was to show how these blends were effected by changing ambient conditions and how the emissions result were effected. The specialized testing/research provided the Biospectronics engineering staff the direction needed to focus their efforts in blending the products to show the best results.
Knox Oil Company - Dallas, Texas
CEE conducted FTP diesel tests with particulates to evaluate Knox Oil's diesel fuel additive Super Red. These FTP tests were conducted to evaluate the effects on emissions that Super Red causes. CEE worked closely with the president of Knox Oil Co. in accomplishing this on-going project which was initiated in 1990.
K.V.B. Engineering - Irvine, California
CEE worked closely with K.V.B. engineers on an in-depth research and development project in 1990, to evaluate a major chemical company's alternative to the standard fuels of today. This research project was conducted on various gasoline and diesel vehicles to evaluate a major chemical company's alternative to the standard fuels of today. This research project was conducted on various gasoline and diesel vehicles to evaluate not only the emission changes, but also horsepower, driveability and wear differences when using these different fuels. The project costs were in excess of a quarter million dollars. The tests conducted included CVS 75, highway fuel economy, steady state, and Japan 10 and 11 cycles.
Omstar, Inc. - Wilmington, California
CEE conducted an extensive number of FTP and HFET emissions tests to evaluate a promising new diesel fuel conditioner. Data from this project was used as a formal baseline by Los Angeles Ciry and County agencies in evaluation of the conditioner as an energy SaVings and emissions reduction additive. CEE interfaced with the company president on this important project which was initiated in 1989.
U.S. Lubricants - Paramount, California
CEE conducted FTP tests on U.S. Lubricants gasoline additive to determine if this product reduced the levels of HC and CO emitted from gas powered high mileage vehicles. CEE initiated this on-going project in 1992 working with the president of the company.